Australia Said YES! to Gay Marriage
Australians have overwhelmingly voted in favour of legalising same-sex marriage in a historic poll.
The non-binding postal vote showed 61.6% of people favour allowing same-sex couples to wed, the Australian Bureau of Statistics said.
Jubilant supporters have been celebrating in public spaces, waving rainbow flags and singing and dancing.
A bill to change the law was introduced into the Senate late on Wednesday. It will now be debated for amendments.
Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull said his government would aim to pass legislation in parliament by Christmas.
"[Australians] have spoken in their millions and they have voted overwhelmingly yes for marriage equality," Mr Turnbull said after the result was announced.
"They voted yes for fairness, yes for commitment, yes for love."
The issue only went to a voluntary postal vote after a long and bitter debate about amending Australia's Marriage Act.
- Penny Wong: Tears of joy from gay Australian senator The result on Wednesday brings an end to what was at times a heated campaign. The vote itself had been criticised by same-sex marriage supporters, many of whom said it was unnecessary when parliament could debate the issue directly.
How did the vote unfold?
The survey was voluntary, unlike Australia's compulsory elections.
More than 12.7 million people - about 79.5% of eligible voters - took part in the eight-week poll, which asked one question: "Should the marriage law be changed to allow same-sex couples to marry?"
The Yes campaign argued that it was a debate about equality. The No campaign put the focus on the definition of family, raising concerns about how issues like gender will be taught in schools. What were the results?
Australia's chief statistician David Kalisch said about 7.8 million people voted in support of same-sex marriage, with approximately 4.9 million against it.
He said participation was higher than 70% in 146 of Australia's 150 electorates. All but 17 electorates supported changing the law. t
"This is outstanding for a voluntary survey and well above other voluntary surveys conducted around the world," Mr Kalisch said.
"It shows how important this issue is to many Australians."
New battle begins
Hywel Griffith, BBC News Sydney correspondent
After months of divisive debate, Australia now has a result to confirm what most people here already knew - that a majority of Australians support same-sex marriage.
The campaign turned ugly at times, with graffiti on walls and shouting matches at public meetings.
But now both sides have to move on. For the Yes campaign that means pressing the government to stick to its pledge of passing the law.
For the No campaign, it means lobbying over the wording of that legislation, and arguing for legal protection for those who continue to oppose gay marriage.
While today will see parties in the streets and rainbow flags flying high, both sides know their battle is far from over.
The electorates with the strongest Yes votes nationwide were the inner city areas of Melbourne and Sydney, with 84% voting in favour.
Blaxland in New South Wales recorded the highest No vote at 74%. It was among several electorates in socially conservative western Sydney to return a majority No vote.
What happens next?
Mr Turnbull, a strong same-sex marriage supporter, is facing debate within his government over what the parliamentary bill should include.
Some conservative MPs want it to contain exemptions that would allow businesses opposed to same-sex marriage to refuse goods and services for weddings. Government Senator Dean Smith has introduced a private member's bill to the Senate that was co-signed by several members of other parties.
It will be debated in the chamber from Thursday.
Plans for a rival bill that pleased some conservatives have been scrapped, and those MPs say they will now focus on amending Mr Smith's bill.
Despite divisions within his own party over the issue and that fact that his embattled government has lost its parliamentary majority over a dual citizenship scandal, Mr Turnbull is expected to be able to get the legislation through.
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What has been the reaction?
"This is an amazing outcome and we should all be very proud of this amazing country," Qantas chief executive Alan Joyce, a prominent same-sex marriage supporter, told a jubilant crowd in Sydney.
Former Prime Minister Tony Abbott, a high-profile same-sex marriage opponent, said parliament should respect the result. He wrote on Facebook that he would support a bill that provided "freedom of conscience for all, not just the churches".
Another prominent No campaigner, Lyle Shelton, said: "We will now do what we can to guard against restrictions on freedom of speech and freedom of religion, to defend parents' rights, and to protect Australian kids from being exposed to radical LGBTIQ sex and gender education in the classrooms."
Why was the vote controversial?
The postal survey followed two failed attempts by the government to hold a compulsory national vote that was twice voted down by the Senate.
Senators who opposed the compulsory vote did not necessarily oppose legalisation, but said the vote would be costly and fuel hate campaigns. They argued the matter should be put to a parliamentary vote.
Many same-sex marriage advocates levelled the same criticism at the voluntary vote, which did not require legislative approval.
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