COVID 2020 Will Leave Us With The Birth of a Vaccine, What Happens Next? We Do Know What To Do

 

 

Covid 2020 overview: How we got here and what happens next

How was a microscopic virus able to bring the world’s richest and most powerful country to its knees?

Americans might have expected that their country would marshal its tremendous financial and intellectual resources, and its technological might, to fend off Covid-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus. Instead, it has been crippled for the better part of a year, and is now heading into a winter that one of its top doctors said could be the gravest public health crisis in its history. Ten months after the first Covid-19 death in the United States, the country is hurtling toward an appalling milestone: 300,000 deaths out of more than 15 million confirmed cases.

Yes, vaccines are coming, and the first vaccinations may begin next week. But their cumulative effect on the nation’s health will not be felt until well into 2021. If Americans do not change their behavior quickly, experts warn, the weeks and months ahead will be filled with more death and despair, packed hospitals and unemployment lines, and further political polarization and alienation.

The time to change our path is now.

“We have to act like everybody we come into contact with has Covid, and we are going to have to make the kind of sacrifices beyond what we were asked to make in March and April,” said Dr. Kavita Patel, a primary care physician in Washington who is a scholar at the Brookings Institution.

“It’s going to get worse unless we are willing to literally make severe restrictions of our own movement,” Patel added. “I’m not just saying cancel your air tickets, I’m talking about not having people over or going to somebody’s house for Christmas and Hanukkah.”

The data is stark, the trendlines alarming. In the first two days of December, the U.S. logged more new Covid-19 deaths (5,157) than in the entire month of March. In the spring, the virus was rampant in the Northeast, particularly New York City; now, death rates are surging everywhere.

“We have an out-of-control pandemic and we don’t have a vaccine yet, broadly speaking. We’re going to see case rates spike, hospitalizations spike, ICUs will be overloaded,” said Dr. Vin Gupta, a lung specialist at the University of Washington.

The story of what went wrong this year has no coherent arc or single villain, and the final act remains unwritten. The general consensus among public health experts, however, is clear enough: The U.S. failed to stop the virus before it spun out of control.

“We have so many wonderful minds and scientific capabilities and, theoretically, the financial resources to have handled it differently. And yet, we did not,” said Dr. Natalie Azar, an NBC News medical contributor and a professor of rheumatology at the NYU Langone Medical Center.

How we got here

In the eyes of the outgoing administration’s fiercest critics, the problems start at the top: President Donald Trump, they argue, badly mismanaged the outbreak from Day 1.

He admitted on tape to downplaying the virus to prevent “panic,” pushed unproven treatments, appeared to ignore the advice of leading scientists, held mask-free gatheringsat the White House,and arguably helped turn the crisis into yet another front in the political trench wars.

“We have a president who has not met his fundamental responsibility, which is to orchestrate the full resources of the federal government to help Americans protect themselves, explain what will happen, and recommend a national plan to keep as many people alive as possible,” said Michael Beschloss, NBC News’ presidential historian. “Trump never did any of that.”

But the deficiencies of the Trump administration’s policy actions and rhetoric only partly explain the country’s tragic ordeal during the last 10 months. The root causes run deeper — and the dysfunction is more far-reaching than any one presidency.

The outbreak has exposed a vast array of broken systems: underfunded hospitals; decaying infrastructure in rural towns and poor neighborhoods; legislative gridlock that has repeatedly stalled economic relief; a health insurance status quo that leaves far too many vulnerable people unprotected; a social fabric shredded by cultural feuds and tribalism.

Covid-19 has taken an especially devastating toll on communities of color, magnifying the systemic racism and economic inequalities that course through American life. Black families without access to quality health care or housing have been hit disproportionately hard.

“There have been underlying structural issues, and the crisis has fully exposed those weak links,” said Dr. Wayne A. I. Frederick, president of Howard University and a professor of surgery. He added that comorbidities common among Black Americans — diabetes, hypertension — have put communities at even greater risk.

All the while, Americans are trapped in a media environment poisoned by disinformation, political propaganda and conspiracy theories. Basic precautions, such as wearing a mask, are turned into bitter partisan battles; paranoia and knee-jerk distrust often cancel outscience and data.

What happens next

The national outlook for the next few months is dire, although there are signs of a new dawn. Pfizer/BioNTechand Moderna boosted confidence after announcing that their respective vaccines were both reported to be 95 percent effective, raising hopes of an end to this global nightmare sometime in 2021.

But it will take time to identify the best vaccine, produce it in huge volumes and roll it out to the masses safely and equitably. In the meantime, many epidemiologists and infectious disease experts warn that the next several months will likely be grim as temperatures drop and people retreat indoors, where the risks of spreading the virus are greater.

“The reality is, December and January and February are going to be rough times,” Dr. Robert Redfield, the head of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said in a speech to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation recently. “I actually believe they’re going to be the most difficult time in the public health history of this nation.”

The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, an independent global health research center at the University of Washington, projects that the national death toll will top 460,000 by March 1. Redfield has said the total U.S. deaths from Covid-19 could jump “close to 450,000” by February.

“We know this virus, like other coronaviruses, loves the cold air and low humidity. We could see 250,000 to 300,000 new cases a day,” Patel, the Brookings Institution scholar, said. Based on what she is seeing, she said “there’s a much higher chance of a ‘worse-case scenario’ than the alternative.”

In order to avoid the most disturbing scenarios for early 2021, health experts implored Americans to abide by the essential precautions with even fiercer urgency: wear masks, stay away from large crowds, keep your distance from other people, avoid out-of-state travel.

The projections from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation reveal just how crucial it will be for everyone to wear a mask.

In most states, the daily number of new deaths are projected to rise dramatically if mask-wearing and social distancing mandates are relaxed. In total, the difference between universal mask wearing and loosening mask and social distancing mandates is up to an additional 390,000 Americans lives lost.

No one thinks the task at hand will be easy. If confirmed cases match the most troubling projections, hospitals will be overwhelmed and medical professionals stretched beyond their limits. The incoming Biden administration will confront a general public that no doubt feels exhausted by the psychological toll of the outbreak, beaten down by “pandemic fatigue.”

But if Americans are tired of the grief and agony and hardship of this awful virus, then they will need to once again agree to a common purpose, the only way to repair the structural failures exposed by Covid-19.

The winter will no doubt be tough. When it’s over, the hard work will begin